This book provides a comprehensive, state-of-the art review of HBV infection and liver disease. Mass.gov® is a registered service mark of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. These antibodies typically peak after 6–12 months of exposure to the virus. Hepatitis B: For hepatitis B, treatment can delay or limit liver damage by suppressing the virus. In the United States, the most common types of viral hepatitis are hepatitis A, hepatitis B and hepatitis C. These viruses are very different from one another, but all are infectious (and can be spread from person to person) and may cause similar symptoms. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms. If you've been diagnosed with hepatitis B infection, the following suggestions might help you cope: Learn about hepatitis B. On Friday, the focus was on State Street where two pedestrians were hit and killed by cars in a two-week period. It's easy to pass on during sex or by sharing injecting equipment. Symptoms of Co-Infection. Most people who get the disease recover from it and can never get it again. Contact your healthcare provider as soon as possible after the exposure. If you have not been vaccinated or are incompletely vaccinated, it may make sense for you to get a shot of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) as soon as possible (and to start or complete the vaccination series). There are different outcomes and expectations for each type of hepatitis: A hepatitis panel is a blood test for hepatitis A, B, and C infections. or anything. 13 Experts think the rise was related to increases in injection drug use. Hepatitis B is a liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus. Skip to Main Navigation . Both HIV and hepatitis B spread through blood, semen, mucus, and other body fluids. Detects hepatitis B viral genetic material in the blood. (CNN) -- A New Jersey Starbucks employee who went to work in November after testing positive for hepatitis A and handled food may have exposed thousands of customers to the virus. HBV reactivation is the abrupt reappearance or rise in HBV DNA in a patient with previously inactive chronic or resolved hepatitis B. Saliva Protection and Transmissible Diseases provides a review of saliva protection, raising debate on micro-organisms potentially transmissible in saliva, and also considering the evidence on diseases that may be transmitted by kissing. All rights reserved. There is no cure for hepatitis B, but there are several FDA-approved medications that treat HBV infection. Hepatitis B often doesn't show symptoms, and it usually goes away on its own. Discusses all aspects of viral hepatitis, from structure and molecular virology, and natural history and experimental models, to epidemiology, diagnosis and prevention. This work has broad applications in clinical medicine, ranging from prevention and treatment of organ and bone marrow transplant rejection, management of various autoimmune disorders (for example, rheumatoid arthritis), skin disease and ... What is hepatitis B? Someone may need a hepatitis panel if they have symptoms of liver damage, including: A person may also have risk factors that indicate a need for a hepatitis panel, such as: Additionally, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend hepatitis B testing for people who: Hepatitis B testing is also recommended for pregnant people, men who have sex with men, and infants born to a parent with the infection. The symptoms of chronic hepatitis B tend to be quite mild and may come and go. Hepatitis B . Bettina Lerman was on a ventilator for weeks after getting COVID-19 and hadn't responded to doctors' efforts to wake her from a coma when her family made the difficult decision to take her off of life support. Hepatitis B (HBV) is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis B virus. HBV is one of 5 hepatitis viruses. Threats of harming another Hepatitis is any kind of inflammation (a reaction which can include swelling and pain) of the liver. The book presents ways to reduce the numbers of new HBV and HCV infections and the morbidity and mortality related to chronic viral hepatitis. HBV, a member of the Hepadnaviridae family, is a small DNA virus with unusual features similar to retroviruses. This Popular Resource Guide contains everything you need to successfully correct your fat loss hormones using Dr. Pompa's "Cellular Healing Diet" to burn fat, lose weight and get your sustained energy back.With this guide you will be able ... Designed by medical professionals, this manual is a comprehensive, portable medical reference that covers nearly one hundred diseases and conditions, including risk factors, diagnoses, and typical treatments. Most hepatitis B infections clear up within one to two months without treatment. Use the 'Report' link on This is a concise, highly accessible introduction to medical virology, incorporating essential basic principles as well as a systematic review of viruses and viral diseases. The CDC recommends hepatitis C testing for: The hepatitis panel is a blood test. A .mass.gov website belongs to an official government organization in Massachusetts. Hepatitis B surface antigens can be found in your blood within several weeks after the infection starts. Blood Donor Counselling: Implementation Guidelines has therefore been developed to provide guidance to blood transfusion services that have not yet established donor counseling programs. Bundled with the eBook, which will be updated regularly as new information about each virus is available, this text serves as the authoritative, up-to-date reference book for virologists, infectious disease specialists, microbiologists, and ... About 90% of babies with HBV will develop a . Many people have no symptoms during the initial infection. The majority (more than 95%) of immunocompetent adults infected with HBV can clear the infection spontaneously. 12 In 2017, the annual number of hepatitis B infections rose in some states. In addition, an outstanding chapter on the skin involvement during viral hepatitis and the tools to manage them during triple therapy is included in the book. "If you came in contact with material that came out of the drive-thru or you went inside of the building itself, you should absolutely get vaccinated.". We encourage anyone who may believe they were exposed to get vaccinated against hepatitis A by calling the county health department or your primary care physician.". Screening for hepatitis C is available for anyone who requests it. Please avoid obscene, vulgar, lewd, A safe and effective vaccine that offers 98% to 100% protection against hepatitis B is available. "Our highest priority is ensuring everyone involved remains safe and healthy. About 300 million people globally have hepatitis B, and 60 million have hepatitis C, compared to 40 million with HIV. This book covers the latest advances in hepatitis C and hepatitis B therapeutics as well as the emerging and investigational treatment strategies. Hepatitis B infection can be short-term (acute hepatitis B), or long-term (chronic hepatitis B). A combination vaccine for hepatitis A and B also is available. Pregnant women infected with the virus passing it to their babies at birth. Babies born to mothers who are found to be hepatitis B positive are immunised once they are born. If you have a positive HCV antibody test, . HBV replicates through an RNA intermediate and can integrate into the host genome. Anyone undergoing the test can talk with a doctor about their risk factors for hepatitis. Most people who get it make a full recovery, but for a minority it can be more serious. All newborns, children through age 18, and adults who are at risk of hepatitis B infection should get the vaccine. Hepatitis B Definition Hepatitis B is a potentially serious form of liver inflammation due to infection by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). So far, no one has tested positive for hepatitis A as a result of the exposure, the spokesman said. For each possible adverse event, the report reviews peer-reviewed primary studies, summarizes their findings, and evaluates the epidemiological, clinical, and biological evidence. Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that affects the liver; it is a type of viral hepatitis. Hepatitis B Virus Hepatitis B Virus: Morphology and Characteristics 4 Hepatitis B Virus - Replication Viral entry Nucleus Hepatitis B Virus: Viral Replication.  Hepatitis B is also not spread by breast feeding. These blood tests can tell the difference between recent and chronic, and current and past infection. Doctors typically interpret HBsAg in the blood as an acute or chronic infection. "They're saying they have an average of 600 patrons a day and some are return patrons maybe going multiple times a day ... but the exposure is probably in the thousands.". BOSTON (AP) â The Massachusetts Senate unanimously approved a bill Wednesday that would guarantee Massachusetts residents are eligible for annual mental health wellness exams at no cost â akin to annual physical exams. Normal hepatitis B core antibody results are negative. Most people with acute or new hepatitis B infection get better without treatment. The antibody peaks one month after symptoms appear and becomes difficult to detect after 3–4 months. Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is a type of virus that affects the liver. The hepatitis B vaccine is the most effective way to prevent infection if you receive all the shots in the series. It affects the liver, with symptoms including abdominal pain and dark urine. This 2020 edition includes: · Country-specific risk guidelines for yellow fever and malaria, including expert recommendations and 26 detailed, country-level maps · Detailed maps showing distribution of travel-related illnesses, including ... racist or sexually-oriented language. It is a major global health problem. Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus that affects the liver. A doctor can explain the results, which are different for each type of hepatitis: Normal results for a hepatitis A test are negative. At this time, there are five viruses known to affect the liver in particular. Learn how much it costs, what the results mean, what treatment involves, and more. People who frequented that Starbucks and aren't vaccinated for the hepatitis A are advised to receive the vaccine "as soon as possible but no later than 14 days after contact," the health department said in a news release on Friday. What do the results mean? However, it's still important to let your doctor know if you test positive for hepatitis B so that they can more closely monitor your liver. Hepatitis is inflammation of your liver. Although the risk to most travelers is low, medical tourists (people who travel for medical purposes) or people who need emergency medical care while traveling may be more likely to . Hepatitis A leads to a short-term infection, lim-ited to a few weeks or months, not a chronic infec-tion. The virus is transmitted sexually or by blood/body fluid exposure. Your feedback will not receive a response. Your baby should receive hepatitis B vaccine at birth, 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks of age. The hepatitis A exposure encompasses anyone who visited the Starbucks at 1490 Blackwood Clementon Road on November 4, 5, 6, 11, 12 and 13, according to county spokesman Dan Keashen. Persistence of HBsAg for more than 6 months in duration indicates development of either a chronic carrier state or chronic . Hepatitis B is an inflammation of the liver caused by the . . Hepatitis B is spread through person-to-person contact or through personal items like razors, toothbrushes, etc. Confirmed A person who meets either of the above laboratory criteria for diagnosis. This second edition expands the coverage of treatment of various difficult-to-treat patients and will be a welcome guide to the physician in both clinical decision-making and in explaining the benefits and side-effects to the patient. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is a blood test ordered to determine if someone is infected with the hepatitis B virus. THE ESSENTIAL WORK IN TRAVEL MEDICINE -- NOW COMPLETELY UPDATED FOR 2018 As unprecedented numbers of travelers cross international borders each day, the need for up-to-date, practical information about the health challenges posed by travel ... Positive tests. Hepatitis B is a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV).  HBIG provides short-term protection against the hepatitis B virus. When given shortly after an exposure (within seven days), HBIG is 70-75% effective in preventing hepatitis B infection. Hepatitis B vaccination can be given at the same time, for long-term protection. Ask your doctor about treatment options and steps you can take to protect your liver. The-CNN-Wire⢠& © 2021 Cable News Network, Inc., a WarnerMedia Company. Objectives: Adverse events and positive re-challenge of symptoms reported in the scientific literature and to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) following hepatitis B vaccination (HBV) were examined. Hepatitis A: Questions and AnswersQ&A information about the disease and vaccines "There's not a lot of hepatitis A vaccine doses available in New Jersey.". Hepatitis B is a serious liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). In 2015, hepatitis B resulted in 887,000 deaths, mostly from complications (including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma). We can also stop hepatitis from passing from one generation to the other. This means that there were no immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies in the blood. You can't spread hepatitis B through casual contact, so don't cut yourself off from people who can offer support. Your Pregnancy and Childbirth: Month to Month is a resource for informational purposes. PLEASE TURN OFF YOUR CAPS LOCK. So far, 800 vaccines have been administered, marking the largest hepatitis A vaccine effort in the state's history, according to Keashen. Stay connected to friends and family. Hepatitis is a group of viral liver diseases, including hepatitis A, B, and C. Doctors use a hepatitis panel, a type of blood test, to diagnose hepatitis. The others are hepatitis A, C, D, and E. This means that your immune system was not able to get rid of the hepatitis B virus and it still remains in your blood and liver. person will not be tolerated. Hepatitis can . In some people, HBV stays in the body, causing long-lasting disease and long-term liver problems. Some people may not have any noticeable symptoms. Symptoms of hepatitis B include fever, yellowish skin (jaundice), dark urine, fatigue, nausea, and vomiting. "I found out that my daughter and myself were both exposed possibly to hepatitis A. I was able to get my vaccination today and ultimately I feel good," Keashen told CNN affiliate WABC. While vaccines exist for hepatitis A and B, researchers are still developing a vaccine for hepatitis C. Learn more about future treatments in this…. The Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) test will start showing positive several weeks before onset of symptoms and can stay positive for days, weeks, or months after onset of symptoms. Don't knowingly lie about anyone For some people, hepatitis B infection becomes chronic, meaning it lasts more than six months. It can cause both acute and chronic infection. HBV reactivation can be severe, resulting in death ( 13 ). HBV is one of five types of viral hepatitis. Learn about the hepatitis C antibody test, which is used to detect when someone has had the hepatitis C virus. These are the first WHO guidelines on testing for chronic HBV and HCV infection and complement published guidance by WHO on the prevention, care and treatment of chronic hepatitis C and hepatitis B infection. In acute infection, some may develop a rapid onset of sickness with vomiting, yellowish skin, tiredness, dark urine, and abdominal pain. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), What to do if the hepatitis test is positive, The value of mask-wearing and physical distancing affirmed by analysis, Type 1 diabetes: Study uncovers new avenue toward treatment, COVID-19 linked to lingering sleep problems and fatigue. Hepatitis B is a liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus. The antigen peaks shortly before or after symptoms begin, and typically can't be detected 1 to 3 months after it peaks. These substances may interfere with the test results. Hepatitis . The vaccine doses at 8,12 and 16 weeks are given in the 6 in 1 jab as part of the routine childhood The test may show an ongoing infection or antibodies that indicate that the patient is protected against hepatitis B. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infects more than 300 million people worldwide and is a common cause of liver disease and liver cancer. The patient is not currently working, and close contacts have been identified. The disease is caused by viral infections including hepatitis A, B, and C. Each hepatitis virus spreads and develops differently: A hepatitis panel is a blood test used to detect a hepatitis infection. Hepatitis A is a contagious disease, spread by contact with infected people, their fluids and waste. Some people will require no treatment or minimal treatment, such as most people with hepatitis A infections. Hepatitis B is a liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Symptoms include fever, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort and jaundice and usually appear two to six weeks after infection and last less than two months, according to the CDC. The AAP's authoritative guide on preventing, recognizing, and treating more than 200 childhood infectious diseases. Hepatitis B viral DNA. Like treatment for HIV, hepatitis B treatment may need to be taken for the rest of your life. Hepatitis A is a type . Hepatitis can be a serious condition with long-term consequences. Many people infected with the hepatitis B virus do not go on to develop an illness as the body successfully fights off the virus. All rights reserved. Hepatitis can cause serious long-term complications, such as liver damage. When illness does occur, it is either acute (short-term . Most people don't even know they have it. It includes tests for hepatitis antigens and antibodies. Hepatitis B is diagnosed with a simple blood test that can detect HBV infection years before symptoms develop and the virus has caused liver damage. We look at green supply chain management from the vantage point of the triple bottom line: environmental, economic, and social. There are many sustainability decisions that can be made on which we have an incredible impact. This book on Hepatitis B and C contains very useful and recent information about the general characteristics of these common types of chronic liver infections. Public health employees provided 17 hepatitis A vaccines to Starbucks employees on Thursday and set up a nearby pop-up vaccine clinic Friday and Saturday, Keashen said. The Starbucks employee who contracted the virus is in recovery. We'd love to hear eyewitness With these issues in mind, this unique volume has been created to address the special considerations regarding viral hepatitis in children. The others are hepatitis A, C, D, and E. Most hepatitis infections are caused by these 5 viruses. Antibodies are proteins that the immune system produces to fight infections. We look at available tests and when symptoms…. The 2003 Red Book, 26th Edition advances the Red Book's mission for the 21st century, with the most current information on clinical manifestations, etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of more than 200 childhood infectious ... Most babies who get hepatitis B during birth develop chronic infection, unless they get treated right away. Pregnant women infected with HBV can pass the virus on to their babies during delivery. Hepatitis is a group of viral liver diseases, including hepatitis A, B, and C. Doctors use a hepatitis panel, a type of blood test, to diagnose hepatitis. Acute infection may cause nonspecific symptoms, such as fatigue, poor appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, low-grade fever . In some cases, the positive test result could be an error and will require further testing.  Adults at risk of hepatitis B infection who should be vaccinated include: In Massachusetts, three doses of hepatitis B vaccine are required for all children attending licensed childcare or preschool, and kindergarten through grade 12. If symptoms do develop, they tend to happen 2 or 3 months after exposure to the hepatitis B virus. Hepatitis B infections that last a long time may lead to serious liver diseases like cirrhosis and liver cancer. Its symptoms include fever, vomiting, diarrhea, dark-colored urine, and jaundice, and . Both hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses can cause chronic infec-tion. No racism, sexism or any sort of -ism A viral load can be performed to give exact levels, and if it is very high, a liver specialist may recommend antiviral medications to bring the level down and . This volume contains 82 chapters that provide detail and understanding to the fields of human and medical virology. The first section describes general features of common human viruses with specialized chapters related to HIV/AIDS. "We had our public health department employees driving all over the state, in some cases hundreds of miles, picking up vaccines across the state," Keashen explained. Hepatitis B is a viral infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). A New Jersey Starbucks employee who went to work in November after testing positive for hepatitis A and handled food may have exposed thousands of customers to the virus. Hepatitis A is a viral infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus.There are five hepatitis viruses (A, B, C, D, and E); hepatitis A causes about 20% to 25 . The IgM antibody shows up 3–4 weeks after exposure to the virus. Hepatitis B. Hepatitis B surface antibody ( Anti-HBs) If this test is positive, it means that: you have antibodies against hepatitis B and are safe from getting the disease; you were either vaccinated against hepatitis B or exposed to it at some point in your lifetime They are one of the earliest signs of a hepatitis B infection. Chronic hepatitis B can lead to cirrhosis, liver cancer, liver failure, and premature death. Top-requested sites to log in to services provided by the state. According to county spokesman Dan Keashen, a New Jersey Starbucks employee who went to work in November after testing positive for hepatitis A and handled food may have exposed thousands of customers to the virus. The county has successfully secured 500 doses for another pop-up clinic planned for Wednesday as demand for the vaccine continues to rise. Test results can vary depending on a person’s gender, age, health history, and method of testing. i. Administer hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) when appropriate (see Table 1), and the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine to the contact(s) prior to testing for hepatitis B if patient is not known to have had the disease or received the vaccine previously. When symptoms occur, they can include tiredness, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, stomach ache, and muscle or joint pain. Having hepatitis B won't make your HIV any worse. Summary. Household contacts and sex partners of people with hepatitis B, People with multiple sex partners or sexually transmitted infections, People in high risk settings or programs (e.g., corrections, substance abuse treatment, institutions or programs for people with developmental disabilities), People with chronic liver disease (including hepatitis C infection) or  with HIV infection, People with hemophilia and others who receive certain blood products, People with diabetes mellitus between the ages of 19 to 59 years, Health care and public safety workers who may have contact with blood/body fluids, Travelers to certain countries where there are high rates of hepatitis B, Your local board of health (listed in the telephone directory under âgovernmentâ), The Massachusetts Department of Public Health (MDPH), Division of Epidemiology and Immunization at (617) 983-6800. Hepatitis B test: What options are there? [] Infection with the hepatitis B virus causes hepatocellular necrosis and inflammation, and chronic infection can lead to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). They differ in how they are spread, how long the infection lasts, and how they are treated. About 1 in 5 people with chronic hepatitis B die from it. The Camden County Health Department was notified of the incident on Wednesday and immediately shut down the Gloucester Township Starbucks location, Keashen told CNN. An estimated 850,000 people in the U.S. Would you like to provide additional feedback to help improve Mass.gov? Following an acute infection, a minority of infected adults develop a persistent infection called chronic hepatitis B. The younger someone is when infected, the greater the chances for chronic hepatitis B. Learn about how they work and some of the best options here. Symptoms can begin as soon as six weeks to as long as six months after contact with the virus. Symptoms of chronic hepatitis B may begin to occur 20 to 30 years after infection occurred. Damage to the liver by hepatitis B virus causes symptoms similar to those of acute infection, and may indicate liver damage, scarring of the liver (cirrhosis), liver failure and even liver cancer. This book examines our understanding of the biology of the Hepatitis B virus that causes the disease, the immune responses it elicits, and its role in liver cancer. It also discusses the related Hepatitis Delta virus and its effects"-- Hepatitis B, also called HBV and Hep B, can cause cirrhosis (hardening or scarring), liver cancer and even death. When people do show signs of hepatitis B, they usually show up between 6 weeks and 6 months after they got the . Reactivation of hepatitis B refers to the abrupt increase in hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in a patient with inactive or resolved hepatitis B. Reactivation can occur spontaneously, but more typically is triggered by immunosuppressive therapy of cancer, autoimmune disease, or organ transplantation. Normal results for hepatitis C are negative, which indicates that there were no immunoglobulin G antibodies in the blood. Many adults have few or no symptoms and do not know they are infected. Don't Threaten. Sixth edition of the hugely successful, internationally recognised textbook on global public health and epidemiology comprehensively covering the scope, methods, and practice of the discipline. It is often transmitted via body fluids like blood, semen, and vaginal secretions. Hepatitis B is diagnosed with blood tests. Recognized as the definitive reference in laboratory medicine since 1908, Henry's Clinical Diagnosis continues to offer state-of-the-art guidance on the scientific foundation and clinical application of today's complete range of laboratory ... It can cause chronic infection and puts people at high risk of death from cirrhosis and liver cancer. If you're a carrier, you may have contracted hepatitis B through sexual contact, at birth if your mother was a carrier, by sharing needles with an infected person, by getting a piercing or tattoo in a place with poor sanitation practices, or by getting a blood . What is hepatitis B? Hepatitis B is a serious public health prob-lem that affects people of all ages in the U.S. and around the world. Acute and chronic hepatitis B disease. The hepatitis B germ (virus) can cause a short-term (acute) infection, which may or may not cause symptoms. From mother to child. Hepatitis B is a highly infectious liver disease that spreads through blood, semen, and other bodily fluids. "Starbucks says that that location is busy, as most are," Keashen said. Positive test results can indicate someone has or previously had hepatitis A. Testing is an effective way of identifying the virus and treating it early to reduce the long-term risks of hepatitis. An effective vaccine is available that will prevent the disease in . A positive test for hepatitis could mean someone has hepatitis and requires treatment. This manual answers commonly asked questions regarding the surveillance and reporting of vaccine-preventable diseases and provides information on enhancing existing surveillance systems. This text provides a concise yet comprehensive overview of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). This map shows the worldwide prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection.. Hepatitis-B is a chronic disease that can lead to many further complications including liver inflammation and death causing diseases like cancer and hence it is important to observe the symptoms . A New York man who pleaded guilty to rape and sex abuse of four teenage girls will face no jail time. Approximately 95% of adults recover from hepatitis B and do not become chronically infected. Unique "visual index" at the beginning of the book references the exact chapter and specific page needed for in-depth diagnostic guidance. Superb, high-quality, full-color images illustrate pathognomonic features and common variations. Be Proactive. Symptoms of hepatitis B. It is a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Hepatitis B with . The hepatitis B virus is spread by direct contact with blood, semen, vaginal and other body fluids of an infected person. Notifications from this discussion will be disabled. When there are hepatitis B symptoms, it can feel like the flu. Hepatitis C: An infection caused by a virus that can be spread through infected blood. They should disclose any medications, vitamins, or supplements that they are taking. Hepatitis B: Around 22,000 new cases of hepatitis B occurred in 2017, and around 900,000 people are living with the disease in the US. Hepatitis B Immune Globulin (HBIG): A substance given to provide temporary protection against infection with hepatitis B virus. Hepatitis has many causes, including viruses (type of germ), drugs, chemicals and alcohol, and even oneâs own immune system attacking the liver. ii. In acute infection, HBsAg usually disappears in 1 to 2 months after the onset of symptoms. But, if you no longer test positive (or "reactive") for HBsAg after six months and you develop hepatitis B surface antibodies (HBsAb), then you have cleared hepatitis B after an "acute" infection.
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