Circles and arcs represent nature. In moving shots of the long Discovery One spacecraft, in order to keep the entire model in focus (and preserve its sense of scale), the camera's aperture was stopped down for maximum depth-of-field, and each frame was exposed for several seconds. [161] Sight & Sound magazine ranked the film 12th in its greatest films of all-time list in 1982,[162] sixth in the top ten films of all time in its 2002[163] and 2012 critics' polls. Although this technique, known as "held takes", resulted in a much better image, it meant exposed film would be stored for long periods of time between shots, sometimes as long as a year. [107] It opened the next day at the Loew's Capitol in New York and the following day at the Warner Hollywood Theatre in Los Angeles. "[144] Louise Sweeney of The Christian Science Monitor felt that 2001 was "a brilliant intergalactic satire on modern technology. [158] In the 1980s,[159] critic David Denby compared Kubrick to the monolith from 2001: A Space Odyssey, calling him "a force of supernatural intelligence, appearing at great intervals amid high-pitched shrieks, who gives the world a violent kick up the next rung of the evolutionary ladder". Et ce serait pourtant l’occasion de revoir 2001, l’Odyssée de l’espace. Strangelove. Not surprising then that some of us huff and puff about the film's slowness and minimal story. The most extreme of these interpretations state that the foetus floating above the Earth will destroy it. [88] Many matting techniques were tried to block out the stars behind the models, with filmmakers sometimes resorting to hand-tracing frame by frame around the image of the spacecraft (rotoscoping) to create the matte. It would eventually be released in a limited "roadshow" Cinerama version, then in 70 mm and 35 mm versions. [14], Searching for a collaborator in the science fiction community for the writing of the script, Kubrick was advised by a mutual acquaintance, Columbia Pictures staffer Roger Caras, to talk to writer Arthur C. Clarke, who lived in Ceylon. The actors' bodies blocked the camera's view of the wires and appeared to float. [14] Graphic Films' Con Pederson, Lester Novros, and background artist Douglas Trumbull airmailed research-based concept sketches and notes covering the mechanics and physics of space travel, and created storyboards for the space flight sequences in 2001. A family heads to an isolated hotel for the winter where a sinister presence influences the father into violence, while his psychic son sees horrific forebodings from both past and future. [17][18] Universe's narrator, actor Douglas Rain, was cast as the voice of HAL. In 1991, it was deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry.[1][2]. Voir film streaming 2001 l’Odyssée de l’espace streaming. "Even when the tank was feeding air into the suit, there was no place for the carbon dioxide Weston exhaled to go. A blade runner must pursue and terminate four replicants who stole a ship in space, and have returned to Earth to find their creator. When the reflective material was applied to the backdrop in 100-foot (30 m) strips, variations at the seams of the strips led to visual artefacts; to solve this, the crew tore the material into smaller chunks and applied them in a random "camouflage" pattern on the backdrop. [60], For the opening sequence involving tribes of apes, professional mime Daniel Richter played the lead ape and choreographed the movements of the other man-apes, who were mostly portrayed by his mime troupe. [90] Various scenes in the Discovery centrifuge were shot by securing set pieces within the wheel, then rotating it while the actor walked or ran in sync with its motion, keeping him at the bottom of the wheel as it turned. The powers of intuition thus become the doors of perception, in our ongoing collective journey.From this transcendental perspective, a conventional, egocentric plot seems superfluous. At the 2007 Venice film festival, director Ridley Scott said he believed 2001 was the unbeatable film that in a sense killed the science fiction genre. Concerned about HAL's behaviour, Bowman and Poole enter an EVA pod so they can talk without HAL overhearing, and agree to disconnect HAL if he is proven wrong. "[147] Roger Ebert gave the film four stars in his original review, saying the film "succeeds magnificently on a cosmic scale. [186], Carolyn Geduld writes that what "structurally unites all four episodes of the film" is the monolith, the film's largest and most unresolvable enigma. [198] The Star Child signifies a "great new beginning,"[198] and is depicted naked and ungirded but with its eyes wide open. Robert Kolker put the cumulative global gross of the film at $138 million as of 2006, Gilliatt, Penelope (5 April 1968). [112], The original 70-millimetre release, like many Super Panavision 70 films of the era such as Grand Prix, was advertised as being in "Cinerama" in cinemas equipped with special projection optics and a deeply curved screen. [157], 2001: A Space Odyssey is now considered one of the major artistic works of the 20th century, with many critics and filmmakers considering it Kubrick's masterpiece. [80] Commenting on their use in the film, Walker writes: Everyone recalls one early sequence in the film, the space hotel, primarily because the custom-made Olivier Mourgue furnishings, those foam-filled sofas, undulant and serpentine, are covered in scarlet fabric and are the first stabs of colour one sees. [67] By the end of May, the film had opened in 22 cities in the United States and Canada and opened in another 36 in June. [224] Other lists that include the film are 50 Films to See Before You Die (#6), The Village Voice 100 Best Films of the 20th century (#11), the Sight & Sound 2002[163] and 2012 Top Ten poll (#6), and Roger Ebert's Top Ten (1968) (#2). [139], Upon release, 2001 polarised critical opinion, receiving both praise and derision, with many New York-based critics being especially harsh. Sans arriver bien sûr au niveau de son illustre et inégalable prédecesseur, 2010 n'en demeure pas moins un beau film de science-fiction. [185], For some readers, Clarke's more straightforward novel based on the script is key to interpreting the film. A stewardess is shown preparing in-flight meals, then carrying them into a circular walkway. IMDb Note 8.3 574,760 votes. Almost no music is heard during scenes with dialogue. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a 92% approval rating based on 112 reviews, with an average rating of 9.26/10. Créez un compte ou connectez-vous pour noter et commenter Partager Copier le lien Sur Facebook Sur Twitter. 2001 : L'Odyssée de l'Espace ou la lenteur hypnotique Par Loïc Gourlet Une oeuvre fondatrice du cinéma de science-fiction . Kubrick was not involved; it was directed as a spin-off by Peter Hyams in a more conventional style. [203] but felt this would create associations with Dr. Strangelove and decided not to make it obvious that they were "war machines". In the future, a sadistic gang leader is imprisoned and volunteers for a conduct-aversion experiment, but it doesn't go as planned. [214], 2001 was No. )[225] In 2011, the film was the third most screened film in secondary schools in the United Kingdom. [88], All of the shots required multiple takes so that some film could be developed and printed to check exposure, density, alignment of elements, and to supply footage used for other photographic effects, such as for matting. [156] In a 2001 review, the BBC said that its slow pacing often alienates modern audiences more than it did upon its initial release. 15 wins & 11 nominations. Most of these materials were lost, with some exceptions: a 2001 spacesuit backpack appeared in the "Close Up" episode of the Gerry Anderson series UFO,[204][229][230][231] and one of HAL's eyepieces is in the possession of the author of Hal's Legacy, David G. Stork. [47], Filming began 29 December 1965, in Stage H at Shepperton Studios, Shepperton, England. The film, which follows a voyage to Jupiter with the sentient computer HAL after the discovery of an alien monolith affecting human evolution, deals with themes of existentialism, human evolution, technology, artificial intelligence, and the possibility of extraterrestrial life. But they felt it would be disloyal to accept Kubrick's offer. [27], Kubrick and Clarke privately referred to the project as How the Solar System Was Won, a reference to MGM's 1962 Cinerama epic How the West Was Won. Written by The set was 38 feet (12 m) in diameter and 10 feet (3.0 m) wide. "2001" is a story of evolution. [179] Questions about 2001 range from uncertainty about its implications for humanity's origins and destiny in the universe[180] to interpreting elements of the film's more enigmatic scenes, such as the meaning of the monolith, or the fate of astronaut David Bowman. Floyd refuses to discuss rumours of an epidemic at the base. [137] Worldwide, it has grossed $146 million across all releases,[f] although some estimates place the gross higher, at over $190 million. [66][67] No plans have been announced for the rediscovered footage. [46] Ebert writes in his essay on 2001 in The Great Movies: North's [rejected] score, which is available on a recording, is a good job of film composition, but would have been wrong for 2001 because, like all scores, it attempts to underline the action—to give us emotional cues. [91], The shots where the actors appear on opposite sides of the wheel required one of the actors to be strapped securely into place at the "top" of the wheel as it moved to allow the other actor to walk to the "bottom" of the wheel to join him. [201], Kubrick originally planned a voice-over to reveal that the satellites seen after the prologue are nuclear weapons,[202] and that the Star Child would detonate the weapons at the end of the film. 2001: A Space Odyssey Check out some of our favorite child stars from movies and television. Check out our editors' picks for the best movies and shows coming your way in May. Following a showing at the 2018 Cannes Film Festival introduced by Nolan, the film had a limited worldwide release at select 70mm-equipped theatres in the summer of 2018,[121][122] followed by a one-week run in North American IMAX theatres (including five locations equipped with 70 mm IMAX projectors). "[97], The coloured lights in the Star Gate sequence were accomplished by slit-scan photography of thousands of high-contrast images on film, including Op art paintings, architectural drawings, Moiré patterns, printed circuits, and electron-microscope photographs of molecular and crystal structures. En 2001, un vaisseau spatial évolue en orbite lunaire. Known to staff as "Manhattan Project", the shots of various nebula-like phenomena, including the expanding star field, were coloured paints and chemicals swirling in a pool-like device known as a cloud tank, shot in slow motion in a dark room. Années 60; Titre original 2001: A Space Odyssey. With Keir Dullea, Gary Lockwood, William Sylvester, Daniel Richter. 78 "Open the pod bay doors, HAL. [125], In 1996, Turner Entertainment/Rhino Records released a new soundtrack on CD that included the film's rendition of "Aventures", the version of "Zarathustra" used in the film, and the shorter version of Lux Aeterna from the film. [103] The match cut draws a connection between the two objects as exemplars of primitive and advanced tools respectively, and demonstrates humanity's technological progress since the time of early hominids. [133][134][135] By June 1974, the film had rentals from the United States and Canada of $20.3 million (gross of $58 million)[133] and international rentals of $7.5 million. The symbolism of life and death can be seen through the final moments of the film, which are defined by the image of the "Star Child," an in utero foetus that draws on the work of Lennart Nilsson. Weston claimed Kubrick fled the studio for "two or three days. Stanley Kubrick made the ultimate science fiction movie, and it is going to be very hard for someone to come along and make a better movie, as far as I'm concerned. In a 1968 interview with Playboy magazine, he said: You're free to speculate as you wish about the philosophical and allegorical meaning of the film—and such speculation is one indication that it has succeeded in gripping the audience at a deep level—but I don't want to spell out a verbal road map for 2001 that every viewer will feel obligated to pursue or else fear he's missed the point. 2, a compilation album by Erich Kunzel and the Cincinnati Pops Orchestra. After discovering a mysterious artifact buried beneath the Lunar surface, mankind sets off on a quest to find its origins with help from intelligent supercomputer H.A.L. In early 1965, when backing was secured for the film, Clarke and Kubrick still had no firm idea of what would happen to Bowman after the Star Gate sequence. Les élèves de la classe de seconde E² ont étudié avec leur professeur de Français et n professer de Philosophie, le film “2001 Odyssée de l’Espace” de Stanley Kubrick. These interpretations were challenged by Clarke, who said: "Many readers have interpreted the last paragraph of the book to mean that he (the foetus) destroyed Earth, perhaps for the purpose of creating a new Heaven. [200] Rolling Stone reviewer Bob McClay sees the film as like a four-movement symphony, its story told with "deliberate realism". [212] Science magazine Discover's blogger Stephen Cass, discussing the film's considerable impact on subsequent science fiction, writes that "the balletic spacecraft scenes set to sweeping classical music, the tarantula-soft tones of HAL 9000, and the ultimate alien artifact, the monolith, have all become enduring cultural icons in their own right". [191] The second encounter also suggests the triggering of the monolith's radio signal to Jupiter by the presence of humans, echoing the premise of Clarke's source story "The Sentinel". The Village Voice ranked the film at number 11 in its Top 250 "Best Films of the Century" list in 1999, based on a poll of critics. [61][63], Kubrick's rationale for editing the film was to tighten the narrative. James P. Hogan liked the film but complained that the ending did not make any sense to him, leading to a bet about whether he could write something better: "I stole Arthur's plot idea shamelessly and produced Inherit the Stars. Le film phare de Stanley Kubrick, avec ses effets spéciaux novateurs et sa fascinante bande originale, a offert aux spectateurs une vision apparemment réaliste de l'avenir. [120] This was done under the supervision of film director Christopher Nolan, who has spoken of 2001's influence on his career. Clarke's cabled response stated that he was "frightfully interested in working with [that] enfant terrible", and added "what makes Kubrick think I'm a recluse? Après l'introduction d'un temps qui vient briser le cycle de l'éternité, puis l'oubli des dimensions du temps par les hommes des années 2000 et 2001, survient le temps des métamorphoses, 1 Cette définition vaut pour 2001 et ne saurait être érigée en norme universelle. [32] In practice, the screenplay developed in parallel with the novel, with only some elements being common to both. Are you up to speed on the film icon's style? In the early stages of production, Kubrick commissioned a score for 2001 from Hollywood composer Alex North, who had written the score for Spartacus and also had worked on Dr. [54], Filming of actors was completed in September 1967,[55] and from June 1966 until March 1968 Kubrick spent most of his time working on the 205 special-effects shots in the film. Originally, Kubrick and Clarke had planned to develop a 2001 novel first, free of the constraints of film, and then write the screenplay. Clarke indicated his preferred reading of the ending of 2001 as oriented toward the creation of "a new heaven" provided by the Star Child. [219] The film was also No. During a stopover at Space Station 5, he meets Russian scientists who are concerned that Clavius seems to be unresponsive. Ils ont donné leurs impressions : commentaires-2001_Odyssée Espace. A mentally unstable veteran works as a nighttime taxi driver in New York City, where the perceived decadence and sleaze fuels his urge for violent action by attempting to liberate a presidential campaign worker and an underage prostitute. The camera could be fixed to the inside of the rotating wheel to show the actor walking completely "around" the set, or mounted in such a way that the wheel rotated independently of the stationary camera, as in the jogging scene where the camera appears to alternately precede and follow the running actor. [56] In March 1968, Kubrick finished the "pre-premiere" editing of the film, making his final cuts just days before the film's general release in April 1968. Now a race begins between computers (HAL) and human (Bowman) to reach the monolith placers. "After Man", review of, Champlin, Charles (5 April 1968). [82], Kubrick was personally involved in the design of the monolith and its form for the film. [14][15] Two educational films, the National Film Board of Canada's 1960 animated short documentary Universe and the 1964 New York World's Fair movie To the Moon and Beyond, were major influences. The classical music chosen by Kubrick exists outside the action. A joint U.S.-Soviet expedition is sent to Jupiter to learn what happened to the Discovery, and H.A.L. Kubrick also asked Universe co-director Colin Low about animation camerawork, with Low recommending British mathematician Brian Salt, with whom Low and Roman Kroitor had previously worked on the 1957 still-animation documentary City of Gold. [108] The new cut ran around 88 minutes for the first section, followed by an intermission, and 55 minutes in the second section. The studio was chosen because it could house the 60-by-120-by-60-foot (18 m × 37 m × 18 m) pit for the Tycho crater excavation scene, the first to be shot. The film is noted for its scientifically accurate depiction of space flight, pioneering special effects, and ambiguous imagery. [187], Bob McClay's Rolling Stone review describes a parallelism between the monolith's first appearance in which tool usage is imparted to the apes (thus 'beginning' mankind) and the completion of "another evolution" in the fourth and final encounter[189] with the monolith. Without doubt, the monolith is a visual metaphor for an extraterrestrial intelligence whose physical form is never shown. 2001: A Space Odyssey is a 1968 epic science fiction film produced and directed by Stanley Kubrick. Leave him up there! Kubrick approved, but was disappointed with the glassy appearance of the transparent prop on set, leading art director Anthony Masters to suggest making the monolith's surface matte black. That's what he wanted. Kubrick avoided conventional cinematic and narrative techniques; dialogue is used sparingly, and there are long sequences accompanied only by music. The winner will achieve the next step in evolution, whatever that may be. [123], On 3 December 2018, an 8K Ultra-high definition television version of the film was reported to have been broadcast in select theatres and shopping-mall demonstration stations in Japan. [132] The film's high costs, in excess of $10 million, meant that the initial returns from the 1968 release left it $800,000 in the red; but the successful re-release in 1971 made it profitable. By 17 October, Kubrick had come up with what Clarke called a "wild idea of slightly fag robots who create a Victorian environment to put our heroes at their ease. Floyd's mission is to investigate a recently found artefact buried four million years ago near the lunar crater Tycho. Voilà tout simplement ce que je pense de « 2001, l’odyssée de l’espace ». It's a tough lesson for a vain and aggressive species. Wally Gentleman, one of the special-effects artists on Universe, worked briefly on 2001. Our frenzied conflicts and self-important dialogue are consumed in evolutionary change, and are irrelevant in a cosmos that is vast beyond comprehension. "[145] Philip French wrote that the film was "perhaps the first multi-million-dollar supercolossal movie since D.W. Griffith's Intolerance fifty years ago which can be regarded as the work of one man ... Space Odyssey is important as the high-water mark of science-fiction movie making, or at least of the genre's futuristic branch. '"[140] "But a few months into the release, they realised a lot of people were watching it while smoking funny cigarettes. The film, which follows a voyage to Jupiter with the sentient computer HAL after the discovery of an alien monolith affecting human evolution, deals with themes of existentialism, C'est un film expérimental en fait - Topic 2001 : L'Odyssée de l'espace du 28-04-2021 00:39:31 sur les forums de jeuxvideo.com [43][44] Other changes include a different monolith for the "Dawn of Man" sequence, discarded when early prototypes did not photograph well; the use of Saturn as the final destination of the Discovery mission rather than Jupiter, discarded when the special effects team could not develop a convincing rendition of Saturn's rings; and the finale of the Star Child exploding nuclear weapons carried by Earth-orbiting satellites,[44] which Kubrick discarded for its similarity to his previous film, Dr. 2001 : L'Odyssée de l'espace est un film d' aventure de 1968 , d'une durée de 158 minutes réalisé par Stanley Kubrick . [221] 2001 was the only science fiction film to make Sight & Sound's 2012 list of the ten best films,[222] and tops the Online Film Critics Society list of greatest science fiction films of all time. [187] Vincent LoBrutto's biography of Kubrick says that for many, Clarke's novel supplements the understanding of the monolith which is more ambiguously depicted in the film. This idea never occurred to me; it seems clear that he triggered the orbiting nuclear bombs harmlessly ...". Steven Spielberg, George Lucas, and others—including many special effects technicians—discuss the impact the film has had on them in a featurette titled Standing on the Shoulders of Kubrick: The Legacy of 2001, included in the 2007 DVD release of the film.
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